Eski/Yeni Anadolu Turkcesi-Turkic Dilleri/Bugunku Turkce

Dil, bir tarih ve kultur ve hatta sanat konusu oldugu icin, basligi buraya actim.

Bu baslik sadece turkce temelli ve de bugun konusulan dahil dillerin tarihi ve cografi gelisimini tarihsel ve bilimsel olarak islemek icindir.

Lutfen, Turk kavramini gen ya da irik ya da kavim ya da millet v.s. olarak bu baslikta islemeyelim.

Bu baslik sadece dil basligidir.

Herseyden once dil etigin toplumlar ve kisiler arasi biribiri ile iletisimi ve dialogu saglamak icin bir aractir.

Su an Turkiye de konusulan resmi dil olan turkce dili hakkinda gecmiste ve gunumuzde bir suru tezler sunulmustur.

Bu tezler bati ve turkiye temelli tezler olarak yerin e gore uyusmakta ve yerine gore uyusmamaktadir.

Bu temelde turkce dili ile ilgili, gerek bugun konusulan, gerekse tarihte turkic diller grubunda yer almnis bir dil olarak hem tarihdeki cografi bolgeleri ortaya cikarmak hem de ana cografyasini ve de anadolu cografyasini ortaya cikarmak adina turkce dili ilgikli tum bilinenleri onerileri aciklasmalari ve hipotezleri TURK VE TURKLUGU KATMADAN bu baslikta isleyebiliriz.

Benim asil bu basligi acmamin nedeni, kendimce yaptigim arastirmalar sonucu;

Turkce dilinin, HEM COGRAFI HEM TARIHSEL OLARAK BUGUNKU TURKCE ILE ANADOLUDA KONUSULAN DILLER ADINA BIR BAGINI ORTAYA KOYMAKTIR.

Buradaki once ana sorunlari ortaya koyalim.

Anadolunun yerli dilleri bugun yok olmustur ve tarihi baslangic olarak ta hitit ve sumer bulgularindan dilin cesitli yapilanmalari temelinde ortaya konulmaya calisilmaktadir.

Bilinen ve ortak kabul edilen ilk olgu; Anadolu dillerinin BUGUNKU TURKCENIN VE ESKI TURKCENIN VE DE TURKIC DIL GRUBUNUN DAHIL OLMADIGI INDO-EUROPIAN DIL GRUPLARININ ILK FARKLILASAN VE YOK OLAN DALI OLMASIDIR.

Yine bilinen turkic dillerden biri olan turkcenin dil temelinin ALTAY-URAL DILLER ailesine mensup olmasidir.

Iste bu iki bilinen olgu, Anadolunun yok olmus dilleri ile Altay grubundaki turkic diller grubundan biri olan turkcenin HERHANGIBIR TARIHSEL VE COGRAFI BAGI OLMADIGI UZERINEDIR

Yine bilinen bu gruba dahil olan turkcenin selcuklular tarafindan oguz diller grubu bunyesinde Anadoluya tasindigidir.

Bulmus oldugum son bulgular; ASLINDA ANADOLU DILLERI ILE TURKIC DILLERI AILESINDEN OLAN TURKCE DILININ BIR BAGI OLDUGUNU ORTAYA KOYMAKTADIR.

Alıntı:
Pecheneg language is the extinct Turkic language spoken by the Pechenegs in Eastern Europe (most of Ukraine, parts of southern Russia, Moldova and Hungary) in the 7th–12th centuries.
Pecenekce dili, Pecenekler tarafindan dogu Avrupa (bugunku ukraynanin cogu bolumu, guney Rusya, Moldova ve Macaristan) da 7-12. yuzyillar arasi konusulan ve sonradan yok olmus, turkic dilidir.

Alıntı:
It is most likely a member of the Oghuz branch of the Turkic family,[2] but the poor documentation to it and the absence of any descendant languages of Pecheneg has prevented linguists from making an accurate classification; most experts would be fairly confident in placing it among the Oghuz languages, but would refuse to classify it further.
Buyuk ihtimalle, turkic dilleri ailesinin oguz dalinin bir uyesidir.Pecenekceye ait eldeki zayif deliller ve bagli bir dil temeli bulunamamasi linqiistleri tutarli bir siniflama yapmaktan onlemistir. Cogu uzman, pecenekceyi oguz dillerine uye yapmakta oldukca emindirler yalniz, daha ileri bir siniflamayi da red etmektedirler.

Kisaca uzmanlar Pecenekcenin oguz dillerinin bir uyesi oldugunu oldukca emin bir sekilde kabullenmislerdir.

Iste asagidaki cizelge tum diller arasi bagi ve iliskiyi aciklamaktadir.

Turkic languages

Alti cizili olan diller yok olmus dillerdir.

Arghu- Khalaj

Karluk- Aini1 · Chagatai · Ili Turki · Lop · Old Turkic · Uyghur · Uzbek

Kipchak-Ponto-Caspian (Crimean Tatar · Cuman · Karachay-Balkar · Karaim · Kipchak · Krymchak · Kumyk · Urum2) · Aralo-Caspian (Altai · Baraba · Fergana Kipchak · Karakalpak · Kazakh · Kyrgyz · Nogai) · Uralo-Caspian (Bashkir · Old Tatar · Tatar)

Oghur- Bulgar · Chuvash · Hunnic2 · Khazar · Turkic Avar

Oghuz- Afshar · Azerbaijani · Crimean Turkish · Gagauz · Balkan Gagauz- Turkish · Khorasani Turkic · Old Anatolian Turkish · Ottoman Turkish · Pecheneg 2 · Qashqai · Salar · (Anatolian) Turkish · Turkmen · Urum2

Siberian- Chulym · Dolgan · Fuyü Gïrgïs · Khakas · Shor · Tofa · Tuvan · Sakha/Yakut · Western Yugur2



Yukaridaki cizelgede goruldugu gibi; oguz basligi altinda; turkce, eski Anadolu Turkcesi, Osmanli Turkcesi, pecenekce ve Anadolu Turkcesi gorulmektedir.

Asagidaki cizelge bu bagi daha acik bir sekilde gostermektedir.

Alıntı:
The following table is based upon the classification scheme presented by Lars Johanson (1998)
Asagidaki cizelge, Lars Johanson (1998) un siniflama temeline dayanarak verilmistir.

Proto Turkic

Turkic Southwestern Common Turkic (Oghuz)
Lenguas Oguz.png



West Oghuz

Pecheneg (extinct)
Old Anatolian Turkish (extinct)
Ottoman Turkish (extinct)
Turkish
Iraqi Turkmen
Gagauz
Azerbaijani
Balkan Gagauz Turkish

East Oghuz
Turkmen
Khorasani Turkic

South Oghuz
Afshar
Dialects of Iran such as Qashqai, Sonqori, Aynallu, etc.



(Arghu)
Khalaj[19]
Northwestern Common Turkic (Kipchak)
Map-Kypchak Language World.png

Kipchak (extinct)

West Kipchak
Kumyk
Karachay-Balkar
Crimean Tatar, Urum[20]
Krymchak
Cuman (extinct)
Karaim

North Kipchak (Volga–Ural Turkic)
Kazan Tatar
Mishar Tatar
West Siberian Tatar[21]
Bashkir

South Kipchak (Aralo-Caspian)
Kazakh
Karakalpak
Kyrgyz[22]
Kipchak Uzbek (Fergana Kipchak language) (extinct)
Nogay

Southeastern Common Turkic (Karluk)
Lenguas karluk.png

West
Uzbek

East
Uyghur
Taranchi
Western Yugur (Yellow Uyghur)[23]
Salar[24]
Old Turkic (extinct)
Chagatay (extinct)
Aini[25]
Ili Turki

Northeastern Common Turkic (Siberian)

North Siberian
Sakha (Yakut)
Dolgan

South Siberian
Sayan Turkic
Tuvan (Soyot, Uriankhai)
Tofa
Yenisei Turkic
Khakas
Fuyü Gïrgïs
Shor (Saghay Qaca, Qizil)
Chulym Turkic
Chulym (Küerik)
Altai Turkic[26]
Altay Oirot and dialects such as Tuba, Qumanda, Qu, Teleut, Telengit

Oghur
Chuvash
Khazar (extinct)
Turkic Avar (extinct)
Bulgar (extinct)
Hunnic (extinct)

Yukaridaki cizelge ve bilgiler, dil ornekleri ve detayli aciklamalar v.s. asagidaki ingilizce linkten bulunabilir.

Lars Johanson'un (1998) cizelgesindeki oghuz dilleri disindaki dillerin cografi haritalarini da verelim.

Northwestern Common Turkic (Kipchak)

Map-Kypchak Language World.png



Southeastern Common Turkic (Karluk)

Lenguas karluk.png

Bilindigi gibi linquistler INDO-EUROPIAN ve ALTAIC TEMELLI TURKIC arasinda cesitli baglar kurmaya calisiyorlar.

Bunun ilk ortaya atimi alt grup olan EUROASIATIC grubu.

Daha sonra bu grubun ve diger gruplarin da bunyesine alindigi NOSTRATIC grubu.

Yine bilindigi gibi, ANADOLUNUN YERLI DILLERI INDO-EUROPIAN'dan farklilasmis ve yok olmus ilk dil ailesidir.

Bu temelde ANADOLU COGRAFYASININ BU IKI DIL GRUBUNU BULUSTURMASI;

ana olarak TURKCENIN, ESKI TURKCE OLARAK ANADOLUYA TASINDIGI UZERINEDIR.

Yalniz tarih ve bulgular ANADOLU YERLILERI ILE INDO-EUROPIAN DILI GRUBU OLARAK BULUSMUS VE SONRADA TURKIC DILLERI ILE BULUSMUS DIL GRUPLARININ OLDUGUNU BILMEKTEDIR.

Ayrica HITITCE ve SUMERCE DE turkic dilleriyle benzesim tasiyan kelime ses ve dil bolumleri oldugu da ortaya konmustur.

ANADOLU'NUN TURKIC DILLERI ILE 11. YUZYILDA BULUSMADAN ONCE, ANADOLUNUN INDO-EUROPIAN DIL GRUBUNDAN OLAN DILLERIN TURKIC DILLERI ILE BULUSTUGU DA ORTAYA KONMAKTADIR.

Mesela diyelim herhangibir indo-europian turkic dili bagi;

Acaba 11. yuzyildan sonraki bulusmadan mi kaynaklanmaktadir?

Yoksa daha once Anadolu'da boyle bir bag ANADOLU YERLILERI OLMAYANLAR TARAFINDAN ANADOLU'YA TASINMIS MIDIR?

Ya da Anadolu yerli dillerinin sumerce ve hititcenin, TURKIC DILLER ILE TARIHI BIR BULUSMASI VAR MIDIR?

Tarihsel dil bulusmalari o kadar karmasiktirki ve ustelik cogu eski ondiller de yok olmustur ki KIMIN YURDUNDA KIMIN DILI ILE KIMIN DILININ BULUSTUGU ORTAYA KONAMAMAKTADIR.

Bunun ilk nedeni yazinin 4000 yili itibari ile insanoglunun kendine tanistirilmasi ve tarihi baslatmasidir.

Iste bu tarihten onceki tum dil bulusmalari hem o dillerin yok olmus olmasi adina, hem de diller arasi DIL BIRLIGINI SAGLAYACAK OGELERIN FARKLILIGI VE COKLULUGU CESITLILIGI ADINA pek mumkun degildir.

Bugun Anadolu yerlilerinin bile kim oldugu ve hangi dili konustugu ortaya konamamaktadir.

Tarihte sadece bolgesel bulgular disinda ilk bilinen YERLESIK GRUP HATTILERIN bile yerli olduklari tam ortaya konamamistir.

Hititler zaten Anadolu'nun yerlisi degildir.

Ustelik bir dil baska bir dil tarafindan ancak ayni grup ogeleri temelinde ortaya konulabilmektedir.

Bu da ister istemez, bulustugu dil ile ayni dil grubunda olmayan bir dilin o dili kendi dili temelinde ortaya koymasi ya da ikisinin birliginden yeni bir dilin cikmasi ya da bir dilin digerine ustun gelmesi demektir.

O yuzden ister istemez dil konusu, eldeki bulgular disinda; BIR YERDE DE BUNUN ALGISI VE DILE GETIRILISI KONUSUDUR.

Diller arasi gruplandirmalar basta dil devrimi olmak sarti ile 2000 li yillar ile yeniden hizlanmistir.

Burada onemli bir konuda DILI KONUSAN YA DA COGRAFYAYA TASIYAN INSANOGLU OLDUGU VE ONUN TARIHTE KENDINE VERDIGI BIR KIMLIGI OLDUGUDUR.

Yalniz hic bir dil bilimci, otomatik olarak cografya ile dil adina "uzlasi" onyargisi ve dusuncesi ile yola cikamaz.

Mesela turkce'nin komsu diller ile benzesmesi; BUTUN BU DILLERIN TURKIC DILLERI OLDUGUNU GETIRMEZ.

Yunanca bugun indo-europian grubundadir ama; bir suru turkce kelimeyi kullanmaktadir. Iste bunun cografi olarak hangi tarihten basladigini tam olarak ortaya koymak mumkun degildir. Cunku yunanca Osmanli altinda osmanlicaya maruz kalmistir.

Avrupa'daki indo-europian diller



Bugunku indo-europian dillerin dagilimi













List of Indo-European languages

Historical
Albanian Armenian Balto-Slavic (Baltic • Slavic) Celtic (Insular Celtic)
Germanic Hellenic (Greek) Indo-Iranian (Indo-Aryan • Iranian) Italic (Romance)

Extinct:
Anatolian Tocharian Paleo-Balkan (Dacian • Thracian • Illyrian • Phrygian)


Other
Proto-Anatolian Proto-Armenian Proto-Germanic (Proto-Norse) Proto-Celtic Proto-Italic Proto-Greek Proto-Balto-Slavic (Proto-Slavic) Proto-Indo-Iranian (Proto-Iranian)

The various subgroups of the Indo-European language family include ten major branches, given in the chronological order of their emergence according to David Anthony:[12]

Anatolian (Asia Minor), the earliest attested branch. Emerged around 4200 BCE.[12] Isolated terms in Luwian/Hittite mentioned in Semitic Old Assyrian texts from the 20th and 19th centuries BC, Hittite texts from about 1650 BC;[13][14] extinct by Late Antiquity.

Tocharian, emerged around 3700 BCE,[12] extant in two dialects (Turfanian and Kuchean), attested from roughly the 6th to the 9th century AD. Marginalized by the Old Turkic Uyghur Khaganate and probably extinct by the 10th century.

Germanic (from Proto-Germanic), emerged around 3300 BCE,[12] earliest testimonies in runic inscriptions from around the 2nd century AD, earliest coherent texts in Gothic, 4th century AD. Old English manuscript tradition from about the 8th century AD.

Italic, including Latin and its descendants (the Romance languages), emerged around 3000 BCE,[12] attested from the 7th century BC.

Celtic, descended from Proto-Celtic, emerged around 3000 BCE.[12] Gaulish inscriptions date as early as the 6th century BC; Celtiberian from the 2nd century BC; Primitive Irish Ogham inscriptions 5th century AD, earliest inscriptions in Old Welsh from the 8th Century AD.

Armenian, emerged around 2800 BCE.[12] Alphabet writings known from the beginning of the 5th century AD.

Balto-Slavic, emerged around 2800,[12] believed by most Indo-Europeanists[15] to form a phylogenetic unit, while a minority ascribes similarities to prolonged language contact.

Slavic (from Proto-Slavic), attested from the 9th century AD (possibly earlier; see Slavic runes), earliest texts in Old Church Slavonic.

Baltic, attested from the 14th century AD; for languages attested that late, they retain unusually many archaic features attributed to Proto-Indo-European (PIE).

Hellenic, emerged around 2500 BCE.[12] Fragmentary records in Mycenaean Greek from between 1450 and 1350 BC have been found.[16] Homeric texts date to the 8th century BC. (See Proto-Greek, History of Greek.)

Indo-Iranian, emerged around 2200 BCE,[12] attested circa 1400 BC, descended from Proto-Indo-Iranian (dated to the late 3rd millennium BC).

Indo-Aryan or Indic languages, attested from around 1400 BC in Hittite texts from Asia Minor, showing traces of Indo-Aryan words.[17][18] Epigraphically from the 3rd century BC in the form of Prakrit (Edicts of Ashoka). The Rigveda is assumed to preserve intact records via oral tradition dating from about the mid-2nd millennium BC in the form of Vedic Sanskrit.

Iranian, attested from roughly 1000 BC in the form of Avestan. Epigraphically from 520 BC in the form of Old Persian (Behistun inscription).

Dardic
Nuristani
Albanian, attested from the 14th century AD; Proto-Albanian likely evolved from Paleo-Balkan predecessors.[19][20]

In addition to the classical ten branches listed above, several extinct and little-known languages have existed:
Illyrian — related to Messapian. Possibly related to Albanian.
Venetic — close to Italic and possibly Continental Celtic.
Liburnian — doubtful affiliation, features shared with Venetic, Illyrian and Indo-Hittite, significant transition of the Pre-Indo-European elements.
Messapian — not conclusively deciphered.
Phrygian — language of the ancient Phrygians, possibly close to Thracian, Armenian, Greek[citation needed].
Paionian — extinct language once spoken north of Macedon.
Thracian — possibly including Dacian.
Dacian — possibly very close to Thracian.
Ancient Macedonian — proposed relationships to Greek, Illyrian, Thracian, and Phrygian.
Ligurian language — possibly close to or part of Celtic.[21]
Sicel - an ancient language spoken by the Sicels (Greek Sikeloi, Latin Siculi), one of the three indigenous (i.e., pre-Greek and pre-Punic) tribes of Sicily. Proposed relationship to Latin or proto-Illyrian (Pre-Indo-European) at an earlier stage.[22]
Lusitanian — possibly related to (or part of) Celtic, Ligurian, or Italic.

Ural/Altaic ve Turkic dillerinin dagilimi;



Anadolu'nun kendine iki turlu ait olmayan

Hem kendi yurdunun dili degil

Hem de yurdun temeli olan Avrupa dili degil.

Cografi ve dil bagini kurabilmek, ancak mitolojiye kaldi.

Ayrica bir onceki mesajda ilk indo-europian bransinin da anatolian olmasi ve tum bu branstaki dillerin burdan yayilmasi ve Anadolu'nun dunya'nin alfabetik olmayan ilk forumlarindan (CUNEIFORM) da biri olmasi ve de BUNUN TARIHE KARISMASI, AYNI ANADOLU YERLI DILLERI ILE BIRLIKTE HAYLI ILGINC BIR TARIH.

Bu tarihi "garipligi" iyi algilama adina; indo-europian grubunun da haritasi asagida, TABI KI ANADOLU HARIC!



Evet, Anadolulumuyuz, yoksa Turk muyuz?

Soyumuz mu/dilimiz mi kimligimiz?

cografya mi, yoksa etik mi?

Gen mi, yoksa degisim mi?

Genotip mi/fenotip mi?

Tarihi gercekler mi/ yoksa turkculuk ve turkofobilik mi?

etnisite mi/ yoksa dil mi?

Simdiye kadar ki olan aciklamalarda;

Anadolu ve turkce dilinin bagi ortaya kondu.

Turkce dilinin bagi, hic bir dilden gelmeyen sumerlerin, hem indo-eurapian hem de uralic dillere acilmasi.

Anadolu dillerini konusanlarin da MEZOPOTAMYADAN DEGIL, KAFKASYA'DAN VE BALKANLARDAN GELIYOR, OLMASI.

Bir suphe de burda. Aslinda burada yol da ters. Yani Afrika, mezopatamya dan sonra nasil oluyorsa, balkanlar kafkaslar ve kuzey karadeniz geliyor ve ordan Anadolu' ya iniyorlar. Mezopatamya'dan yukari cikmiyorlar.

Turk, turkluk, turkler ise; Afrika ve mezopatamya kolu ile kuzey karadeniz, kafkasya ve balkanlar arasinda kayip.

Hititlerin yukaridaki aciklama da ortak noktasi, Anadoluya gelmek adina, hem avrupa, hem indo europian hem de sumer baglarini sagliyor. Yalniz Anadolu'nun yerlileri degil.

Anadolu dillerinin indo-europian dil grubunun ilk ana bransi olarak bilhassa buyuk iskenderin hellenik isgali altinda yok oldugu soyleniyor ve indo-europian dillerinin ilk yok olan grubu anadolu dilleri.

Eger bunun icinde turkce varsa bu da sumere dayandirilabilir.

Iste buradaki sorun, NEDEN TURKCENIN ANADOLUNUN YERLI DILI OLARAK ORTAYA KONAMAMASI.

iSTE SUPHE TAM DA BURADA.

Origins

The Anatolian branch is generally considered the earliest to split from the Proto-Indo-European language, from a stage referred to either as Indo-Hittite or "Middle PIE"; typically a date in the mid-4th millennium BC is assumed. Under the Kurgan hypothesis, there are two possibilities for how the early Anatolian speakers could have reached Anatolia: from the north via the Caucasus, and from the west, via the Balkans,[18] the latter of which is considered somewhat more likely by Mallory (1989) and Steiner (1990).

Statistical research by Quentin Atkinson and others using Bayesian inference and glottochronological markers favors an Indo-European origin in Anatolia, though the method's validity and accuracy are subject to debate


Extinction
Anatolia was heavily Hellenized following the conquests of Alexander the Great, and it is generally thought that, by the 1st century BCE, the native languages of the area were extinct. This makes Anatolian the first known branch of Indo-European to become extinct.

Suphenin bir ucu burdan geliyor.



Bolge dilleri de burda

Linguistically the Fertile Crescent was a region of great diversity. Historically Semitic languages generally prevailed in the lowlands, whilst in the mountainous areas to the east and north a number of generally unrelated languages were found including Elamite, Kassite, and Hurro-Urartian. The precise affiliation of these, and their date of arrival, remain topics of scholarly discussion. However, given lack of textual evidence for the earliest era of prehistory, this debate is unlikely to be resolved in the near future.
The evidence which does exist suggests that already by the third millennium BC, and into the second, several language groups existed. These included:[5][6]

Sumerian - a non-Semitic language which displays a Sprachbund-type relationship with neighbouring Akkadian

Semitic languages - notably Akkadian.

Hurrian - a language isolate, later attested in the Urartian Empire. Some scholars postulate a link to Northeastern Caucasian languages.

Hattic - another language isolate, spoken originally in central Anatolia. Some scholars also postulate a link to Northeastern Caucasian languages

Indo-European languages - generally believed to be later intrusive languages, such as Hittite and the Indo-Aryan attested in the Mittani civilization.

Suphenin diger ucu da burdan;

Urartu (Armenian: Ուրարտու - Urartu, Assyrian: māt Urarṭu;[3] Babylonian: Urashtu), corresponding to the biblical Kingdom of Ararat (Armenian: Արարատյան Թագավորություն) or Kingdom of Van (Armenian: Վանի Թագավորություն, Urartian: Biai, Biainili;[4]) was an Iron Age kingdom centred around Lake Van in the Armenian Highlands.

Strictly speaking, Urartu is the Assyrian term for a geographical region, while "kingdom of Urartu" or "Biainili lands" are terms used in modern historiography for the Proto-Armenian[5][6][7][8][9] (Hurro-Urartian) speaking Iron Age state that arose in that region. That a distinction should be made between the geographical and the political entity was already pointed out by König (1955).[10] The landscape corresponds to the mountainous plateau between Asia Minor, Mesopotamia, and the Caucasus mountains, later known as the Armenian Highlands. The kingdom rose to power in the mid-9th century BC, but was conquered by Media in the early 6th century BC. It is often argued that the heirs of Urartu are the Armenians and their successive kingdoms

Urartu comprised an area of approximately 200,000 square miles (520,000 km2), extending from the river Kura in the north, to the northern foothills of the Taurus Mountains in the south; and from the Euphrates in the west to the Caspian sea in the east.[23]

At its apogee, Urartu stretched from the borders of northern Mesopotamia to the southern Caucasus, including present-day Armenia and southern Georgia as far as the river Kura. Archaeological sites within its boundaries include Altintepe, Toprakkale, Patnos and Cavustepe. Urartu fortresses included Erebuni (present day Yerevan city), Van Fortress, Argishtihinili, Anzaf, Cavustepe and Başkale, as well as Teishebaini (Karmir Blur, Red Mound) and others.

Kisaca;

Kurgan Hipotezi;









Ermeni hipotezi;

Indo-Eurapian dil ailesinin iki yok olmus ana bransi var; bunlar.

1.Anatolian (Asia Minor), the earliest attested branch. Emerged around 4200 BCE.[12] Isolated terms in Luwian/Hittite mentioned in Semitic Old Assyrian texts from the 20th and 19th centuries BC, Hittite texts from about 1650 BC;[13][14] extinct by Late Antiquity.
2.Tocharian, emerged around 3700 BCE,[12] extant in two dialects (Turfanian and Kuchean), attested from roughly the 6th to the 9th century AD. Marginalized by the Old Turkic Uyghur Khaganate and probably extinct by the 10th century.

Old Turkic (also East Old Turkic, Orkhon Turkic, Old Uyghur) is the earliest attested form of Turkic, found in Göktürk and Uyghur inscriptions dating from about the 7th century to the 13th century. It is the oldest attested member of the Orkhon branch of Turkic, which is extant in the modern Western Yugur language. Confusingly, it is not the ancestor of the language now called Uighur; the contemporaneous ancestor of Uighur to the west is called Middle Turkic.

Old Turkic is attested in a number of scripts, including the Orkhon-Yenisei runiform script, the Old Uyghur alphabet (a form of the Sogdian alphabet), the Brāhmī script, the Manichean alphabet, and the Perso-Arabic script.

The Uyghur Khaganate, or, Uyghur Empire or Uighur Khaganate or Toquz Oghuz Country (Mongolian: Уйгурын хаант улс, Tang era names, with modern Hanyu Pinyin: traditional Chinese: 回鶻; simplified Chinese: 回鹘; pinyin: Huíhú or traditional Chinese: 回紇; simplified Chinese: 回纥; pinyin: Huíhé) was a Turkic empire[2] that existed for about a century between the mid 8th and 9th centuries. They were a tribal confederation under the Orkhon Uyghur (回鶻) nobility, referred to by the Chinese as the Jiu Xing ("Nine Clans"), a calque of the name Toquz Oghuz.

Burada ilginc olan, 2. bransin; Eski turkce ve uygurlarla olan bagi.

Asagida da tokaryan halkinin eski turkce ile bagi aciklaniyor.

The Tocharians or Tokharians (/təˈkɛəriənz/ or /təˈkɑriənz/) were inhabitants of medieval oasis city-states on the northern edge of the Tarim Basin (modern Xinjiang, China). Their Tocharian languages (a branch of the Indo-European family) are known from manuscripts from the 6th to 8th centuries AD, after which they were supplanted by the Turkic languages of the Uyghur tribes.

Daha da tarihi olarak geri gidelim.

Some scholars have linked the Tocharians with the Afanasevo culture of eastern Siberia (c. 3500 – 2500 BC), the Tarim mummies (c. 1800 BC) and the Yuezhi of Chinese records, most of whom migrated from western Gansu to Bactria in the 2nd century BC and then later to northwestern Indian subcontinent where they founded the Kushan Empire.

The Afanasievo culture is the earliest Eneolithic archaeological culture found until now in south Siberia, occupying the Minusinsk Basin, Altay and Eastern Kazakhstan.

The Afanasevo culture was succeeded by the Andronovo culture as it spread eastwards, and later the Karasuk culture.

The Andronovo culture is a collection of similar local Bronze Age Indo-Iranian cultures that flourished ca. 1800–1400 BCE in western Siberia and the west Asiatic steppe. It is probably better termed an archaeological complex or archaeological horizon. The name derives from the village of Andronovo (

55°53′N 55°42′E), where in 1914, several graves were discovered, with skeletons in crouched positions, buried with richly decorated pottery. The older Sintashta culture (2100–1800), formerly included within the Andronovo culture, is now considered separately, but regarded as its predecessor, and accepted as part of the wider Andronovo horizon.

Sub-cultures have been distinguished:
Alakul (1800–1400 BCE)
Fedorovo (1700–1300 BCE)
Alekseyevka (1200–1000 BCE)

The geographical extent of the culture is vast and difficult to delineate exactly. On its western fringes, it overlaps with the approximately contemporaneous, but distinct, Srubna culture in the Volga-Ural interfluvial. To the east, it reaches into the Minusinsk depression, with some sites as far west as the southern Ural Mountains,[1] overlapping with the area of the earlier Afanasevo culture.[2] Additional sites are scattered as far south as the Koppet Dag (Turkmenistan), the Pamir (Tajikistan) and the Tian Shan (Kyrgyzstan). The northern boundary vaguely corresponds to the beginning of the Taiga.[1] In the Volga basin, interaction with the Srubna culture was the most intense and prolonged, and Federovo style pottery is found as far west as Volgograd.

The Karasuk culture describes a group of Bronze Age societies who ranged from the Aral Sea or the Volga River to the upper Yenisei catchment, ca. 1500–800 BC, preceded by the Afanasevo culture.[1] The remains are minimal[clarification needed] and entirely of the mortuary variety. At least 2000 burials are known. The Karasuk period persisted down[clarification needed] to c. 700 BC. From c. 700 to c. 200 BC, culture developed along similar lines. Vital trade contact is traced from northern China and the Baikal region to the Black Sea and the Urals, influencing the uniformity of the culture.[2]

The economy was mixed agriculture and stockbreeding. Arsenical bronze artefacts are present.

Their settlements were of pit houses and they buried their dead in stone cists covered by kurgans and surrounded by square stone enclosures.

Industrially, they were skilled metalworkers, the diagnostic artifacts of the culture being a bronze knife with curving profiles and a decorated handle and horse bridles. The pottery has been compared to that discovered in Inner Mongolia and the interior of China, with bronze knives similar to those from northeastern China.[1]

It is generally believed that the culture has its origin in Mongolia, Northern China and Korea,[3] characterized by Altaic idioms.[4]

Other scholars[who?] have suggested a connection with the Yeniseian and Burushaski people, even suggesting a Karasuk languages group.

The Karasuk culture is preceded by the Afanasevo culture and Andronovo culture, and succeeded by the Tagar culture, whose people use the same burial places, indicating a continuity in settlements.[5]

Another possibility is that it was an early example of a Turkic culture and it perhaps could also be seen as a place of the first westward migration of early Turkic peoples.[6]

Yani kisaca; Bugun yok olmus olan Anadolu dilleri ve trokan dilleri indo-europian dillerinin ilk ana iki bransidir.

Trocan dili ve trokanlilar yasadiklari ya da gittikleri bolge itibariyle, Turkic diller ve uygur ve de gokturklerle bag kurdular.

Bunlarin tarihi olarak yurtlarinin ve kulturlerinin de Afesenovo, Andrenovo ve karasuk kulturleri ile bagi oldugu soyleniyor.

Yani Anadolu, sumer, Anadolu dilleri, sumer dili, trokyan dili ve gokturk ve de uygur dilleri temelli turkic dilleri arasindaki bag iste burda.

Anadolu ile Gokturk bagini dil olarak saglayanlar trokyalilar olarak gozukuyor.

Bu konuda bu bilgiler disinda, turk turuk tirik tur tor v.s. temelli kelimelerin ve bunun cince versiyonlarinin bagi olarak uyum saglanmis bir durum yok.

Ya da turk kelimesinin TARIHIN HANGI DONEMINDEN BASLADIGI OLARAK ortak bir uyum yok.

Yalniz turkce bir link buldum. Orada hem bu bagi kurmus hem de "dunya ve medeniyet turkler ile baslar" duzeyinde bir aciklamaya yonelmis bir site buldum.

Bu site tamamen batinin tarihini yalanliyor ve kendince tarihi turk temelinde yeniden yaziyor.

Muzaffer Ilmiye Ciig'in "sumerler turktur" kendince saptamasi da bu site de.

Simdi ordan bir makale alintilayacagim ve sitenin linkini verecegim.

Yalniz burada TURK VE TURKLUGUN HIC BIR BILIMSEL YANI YOK. CUNKU ETIK DOGUMDAN GELMEZ, YASAM VE ILISKIDEN KAZANILIR.

Dil de aynidir ve iletisim aracidir. Turkce dilinin, eski ya da yeni turkce eski ya da yeni turkic temeli ya da on turkce v.s. tamamen dil bilimcilerinin bir calismasidir.

Sumer, hitit, anadolu, trokya, gokturk, uygur ve hatta daha oncesi kulturlerin turkce dili ile her turlu bagi ya da bagsizligi tartisma konusudur. Taarihi cografi bag konusudur.

Butun bu dili konusan toplumlari TURK YAPMAK ise baska bir konudur ve bence bilimsel bir yani yoktur.

Simdi o makalenin linkini veriyorum.

Ben bu linki kabullendigim ya da karsi ciktigim icin vermiyorum.



Bu da ayni sitedeki turkce ve turk tarihte yasamis kavimler agaci;

Agac makalenin sonunda.



Iste butun fark burdan geliyor.

Bati "onturk/prototurk" diye bir kullanimi tanimiyor ve turk kelimesini ilk olarak gokturklerden baslatiyor.

Bu da Anadolu ile sumerler ile ve indo-europian dilleri ile olan tarihi bagi ortadan kaldiriyor.

Eger uzerinde calisilirsa; bu bag ilk olarak, yok olmus trokistan dili ve bu toplumun gokturk bagi ve de bunun oncesi orta asyadaki medeniyetler.

O yuzden yabanci kaynaklarda "prototurk/onturk" diye bir kullanim ve algi yok.

Proto Türkler veya Ön Türkler, Göktürklerden önceki tarih devirlerinde var olmuş ve sonradan Türkler tarafından benimsenen bazı sosyal özelliklere sahip olan, Türk dil ailesine mensup diller konuştukları ve anaerkil oldukları; ancak daha sonra çevre toplumların etkisiyle ataerkil oldukları tahmin edilen topluluklardır.[1]

Fransız Türkolog Jean Paul Roux, antik Çin yazılarında sözü edilen "Tue'kue" [2] sözcüğünün Türk anlamına geldiğini kabul eder[kaynak belirtilmeli] ve "Türk" olgusunu milattan önceki yüzyıllara kadar geri götürmenin mümkün olduğu görüşünü savunur.[3] Ancak çoğu batılı bilim adamı, M.S 6. yüzyıl ortalarında Göktürk Kağanlığı'nın ortaya çıkışından önceki dönem için "Türk" sözcüğünü kullanmaz ve bundan daha eski olan ve Türklerle akraba olan halklara Proto[4] Türk veya Ön Türk adını verir.

The Turkic languages may be divided into six branches (Johanson 1998):[14]
Southwestern (Oghuz Turkic)
Northwestern (Kipchak Turkic)
Southeastern (Karluk Turkic)
Northeastern (Siberian Turkic)
Oghur Turkic
Arghu Turkic

Turkce bir Uzak Dogu dili degil koken itibariyle Orta Asya dilidir. Asagidaki haritada mor renk ile gosterilmis yerde dogmus bir dildir, o bolge Orta Asya (Central Asia) olarak adlandirilir. Uzak/Dogu Asya haritada sari ile gösterilen yerdir. Su anda yaşadıgımız cografya da Bati Asya'dır, haritada yesil ile gosterilmistir.

Batililarin uydurdugu Orta Dogu tabiri de bizi baglamamalidir. Bu cografyada yasayan halklar Bati Asyalidir, Ortadogulu degil...



Batı Asyalilar (yesil bolge),
Guney Asyalilar (kırmizi bolge) ve
Orta Asyalilar (mor bolge)
genetik acidan da yakinlardir.

Dunya dil arastirmalarinda gelinen son nokta iki asamalidir.

Bu asamalarin bilimsel olarak degerlendirilmesi ise tam olarak onerilenlerin kabulunu icermektedir.

Bu arastirmalar ve oneriler su an mevcut dil dallarinin "super ailesi" olarak nitelenmektedir.

Ilk asama: 1 asirdan da oncelige dayanan Joseph Greenberg'in onerisidir. 1990'lara kadar da uzerinde tartisilmistir.

2013'te Mark Pagel ve uc arkadasi istatistik bilgi ve belge icerdiklerine inandiklari Eurasiatic dil ailesini tanitmislardir. Daha sonar da 1960'larda Sovyet dil bilimcileri Vladislav Illich-Svitych ve Aharon Dolgopolsky,nin calismalari "Moscovite school" da Bomhard tarafindan (2008, 2011, and 2014) terimlestirilmistir.

Eurosiatik, Kuzey Avrasyadaki dilailelerini iceren en genis aile adidir.

Asagidaki dil ailelerini kapsar.

Eurasiatic
(controversial)
Geographic
distribution: Before the 16th century, most of Eurasia; today worldwide
Linguistic classification: Nostratic (?)
Eurasiatic
Subdivisions:
Indo-European
Uralic–Yukaghir
Altaic (Mongolic, Tungusic, Turkic)
Chukotko-Kamchatkan
Eskimo–Aleut
Korean-Japanese-Ainu
Nivkh (sometimes included)
Etruscan (sometimes included)

Dunyadaki dagilimi ise soyledir.



Oneri olarak, asagidaki gruplari icerir.

The branches of Eurasiatic vary between proposals, but typically include Altaic (in the form of Mongolic, Tungusic and Turkic), Chukchi-Kamchatkan, Eskimo–Aleut, Indo-European, and Uralic—although Greenberg uses the controversial Uralic-Yukaghir classification instead. Other branches sometimes included are the Kartvelian and Dravidian families, as proposed by Pagel et al., in addition to the language isolates Nivkh and Etruscan and Greenberg's "Korean-Japanese-Ainu."

Daha genis bilgi icin;



Ikinci asama:Nostratic super ailesidir ve Eurasiatikten esinlenerek onun daha da genisletilmesidir.

Bu oneriyi ilk ortaya atan 1903 yilinda Holger Pedersen latin "Nostrates kelimesinden esinlenerek " Ayni cografyali" koymustur.

Dunyadaki gorunumu ise soyledir.



Asagidaki dilailelerini kapsar.

Nostratic
(controversial)
Geographic
distribution: Europe, Asia except for the southeast, North and Northeast Africa, the Arctic
Linguistic classification: Proposed language family
Subdivisions:
Indo-European
Uralic
Altaic
Kartvelian
Afroasiatic (sometimes included)
Dravidian (sometimes included)
Elamite (sometimes included)
Sumerian (sometimes included)
Nivkh (sometimes included)
Yukaghir (not always considered)
Chukotko-Kamchatkan (not always considered)
Eskimo–Aleut (not always considered)

Iki asamanin da ortak semasi ise soyledir.



Daha genis bilgi icin;

Turkic dillerinden olmayan ve hint Avrupa dillerinin olusumundaki temellerden birini teskil eden Anadolunun yok olmus yerli dillerinin, hint Avrupa dillerindeki yerini da asagidaki semadan gorebiliriz.



Burada tokaryan dilinin cografi olarak Turkic dilleri ile olan iliskisi de tarihte gorulmektedir.